• The UN at 75: Between Despair and Hope

    The UN at 75: Between Despair and Hope

    As the world celebrates the seventy-fifth anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, it is time to address difficult questions about the future of the organization that emerged from the ashes of the Second World War. Can the UN build on its achievements, learn from its mistakes and reinvent itself for the 21st Century? In

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  • To Understand China’s Aggressive Foreign Policy, Look at Its Domestic Politics

    To Understand China’s Aggressive Foreign Policy, Look at Its Domestic Politics

    In the past six months, Chinese foreign policy appears to have taken a dramatic and aggressive turn. China has lashed out at Australia for questioning its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, bolstered its claims in the South China Sea, stepped up patrols around the Japanese-controlled Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands, clashed with India in the Himalayas, and sent warplanes across the median line in the Taiwan Strait. It

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  • The Changing Scope of the Five Eyes: Implications for Canada

    The Changing Scope of the Five Eyes: Implications for Canada

    The intelligence alliance, now known as the Five Eyes, was born in the early days of the Cold War and was the product of a perceived existential threat posed by the Soviet Union. There was a desperate need for intelligence, then in short supply, on the West’s main enemy. That need drove a pooling of

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  • Five Eyes Minus One: Thinking the Unthinkable

    Five Eyes Minus One: Thinking the Unthinkable

    The US National Security Agency (NSA) is by far the largest and best-resourced of the Five Eyes SIGINT partners. The four other members of the partnership, the UK’s Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), Canada’s Communications Security Establishment (CSE), the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD), and New Zealand’s Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB), have always been fiercely protective

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